ABSTRACT Glandular trichomes are epidermal structures that produce, store and release a variety of chemical compounds. Their high morphological diversity allows their taxonomic use at various levels. Therefore, their description and standardization of terminology become challenging. Cannabaceae is a well known family of Urticalean Rosids because of the presence of cannabinoid-secreting trichomes in Cannabis sativa. Other Urticalean Rosid families (Moraceae, Ulmaceae and Urticaceae) are neglected in this regard. Thus, the morphology and distribution of glandular trichomes were studied in Cannabaceae and Ulmaceae species and compared with published data for Moraceae and Urticaceae. Surface and anatomical analyses were performed on vegetative and floral organs. Urticalean Rosids show at least 15 types of glandular trichomes, 12 of them capitate and three filiform. In particular, Trema micrantha, a Cannabaceae species, has six different types. A trichome with biseriate stalk and pluricellular head, found in Trema micrantha and Pteroceltis tatarinowii, was not previously reported. Glandular trichomes are widely distributed in the plant body, which may be related to protection against herbivory. The greatest difficulty was the large quantity of terms and the lack of morphological details of the glandular trichomes in previous studies. A standardization of the terminology of glandular trichomes was therefore proposed.

Fitobezoares são estruturas formadas pela agregação de fibras, principalmente vegetais, no trato digestivo de ruminantes, ocasionando obstruções intestinais que podem levar o animal à morte. Informações sobre a formação desse aglomerado ainda são escassas. Neste estudo, são identificados os principais componentes de fitobezoares bovinos, e descrita as estruturas anatômicas das folhas de três espécies de Stylosanthes SW.: S.capitata Vogel, S. macrocephala M. B. Ferreira & S. Costa, S. guianensis var. vulgaris M.B. Ferreira & Sousa Costa cv. 'Mineirão' e S. guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. As plantas selecionadas são utilizadas na dieta do gado e potenciais formadoras do fitobezoar. Os fitobezoares foram fragmentados para análise de sua composição e analisados seguindo-se as técnicas da anatomia vegetal. As fibras e cristais encontrados em fitobezoares são similares aos observados nos feixes esclerenquimáticos presentes nos folíolos das espécies de Stylosanthes avaliadas. Nossos resultados apontam diferenças na abundância de fibras nos folíolos de cada espécie. S. macrocephala é a variedade que sugere maior potencial para formação de fitobezoares no trato digestivo de animais que se alimentam dessa leguminosa, devido a abundância de fibras e cristais presentes na folha. Os feixes esclerenquimáticos, idioblastos e a abundância de cristais de oxalato de cálcio nas espécies Stylosanthes podem potencializar a formação de fitobezoares em ruminantes, em especial quando essas leguminosas são consumidas em excesso.

Phytobezoars are structures formed by the aggregation of primarily plant fibers in the digestive tract of ruminants, causing intestinal obstruction that can lead to the death of an animal. Information about the formation of these clusters is scarce. This study identified the main components of bovine phytobezoars and described the leaf anatomy of three species and one variety of Stylosanthes SW.: S.capitata Vogel, S. macrocephala B. Ferreira & S. Costa, S. guianensis var. vulgaris M.B. & Sousa Ferreira Costa cv. 'Mineirão' and S. guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. These plants are used as feed for livestock and probably contribute to the formation of phytobezoars. The phytobezoars were fragmented for analysis of their internal composition and were studied according to plant anatomy techniques. The fibers and crystals found in phytobezoars were similar to the sclerenchyma fiber bundles found in Stylosanthes. The comparative analysis of Stylosanthes showed differences in the abundance of fibers in the leaflets of each species. S. macrocephala is the variety that may have the highest potential for formation of phytobezoars in the digestive tract of animals because there was an abundance of fibers and crystals present in the leaf. The sclerenchyma bundles, idioblasts, and the abundance of calcium oxalate crystals in Stylosanthes species may potentiate the formation of phytobezoars in ruminants, particularly when these legumes are consumed in excess.